What is the Hijri calendar?
The Hijri (Islamic) calendar is a lunar calendar of 12 months and about 354 days per year, beginning from the Hijrah of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ in 622 CE. It sets the dates of Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Hajj, and is the official calendar of Saudi Arabia.
The 12 Hijri months
Muharram, Safar, Rabi' al-awwal, Rabi' al-thani, Jumada al-awwal, Jumada al-thani, Rajab, Sha'ban, Ramadan, Shawwal, Dhu al-Qa'dah and Dhu al-Hijjah — the month of Hajj. Four of these are sacred months in Islam.
Why dates can differ by a day
Each Hijri month starts when the new crescent moon is sighted, which depends on location and weather. Calculated calendars like Umm al-Qura predict this astronomically and are usually exact, but local moon-sighting announcements can shift a date by one day — always confirm religious dates with your local authority.